Earwax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. Its primary function is to protect the ear by trapping dust, debris, and microorganisms, preventing them from reaching deeper into the ear. Earwax also has antibacterial properties and helps to maintain the moisture levels in the ear canal, preventing dryness and irritation. It is made up of a combination of secretions from sebaceous glands and sweat glands in the outer ear, along with dead skin cells and hair.
Earwax naturally moves outward from the ear canal, where it eventually dries up and falls out or is washed away. The consistency and color of earwax can vary from person to person, depending on genetics, age, and environmental factors. While earwax typically serves as a beneficial protective barrier, an excessive buildup can lead to blockages, hearing loss, discomfort, or infections.
Cleaning the ear canal with cotton swabs or other objects is generally not recommended, as it can push the earwax deeper into the canal, leading to impaction. In cases of excessive buildup, over-the-counter drops or professional removal by a healthcare provider may be necessary. Routine care should involve cleaning only the outer ear and leaving the natural process of earwax removal to take place on its own.
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